NOBEL PRIZE 2016

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016

"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter"

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016

"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines"

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2016

"for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy"

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2016

Bob Dylan

"for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition"

The Nobel Peace Prize 2016

"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end"

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2016

 

"for their contributions to contract theory"

BACKGROUND

The Nobel Prizes (Swedish: Nobelpriset, Norwegian: Nobelprisen) are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, or "laureate", receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money, which is decided by the Nobel Foundation, yearly.

Nobel laureates receive a gold medal together with a diploma and (as of 2012) 8 million SEK (roughly US$1.2 million, €0.93 million).

Between 1901 and 2016, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 579 times to 911 people and organizations. The Nobel Prize is an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden, and based on the fortune of Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor and entrepreneur. In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. Each Prize consists of a medal, a personal diploma, and a cash award.

A person or organization awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel Laureate. The word "laureate" refers to being signified by the laurel wreath. In ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of honor.