TSPSC CRACKING GROUPS

Chandrashekhar Azad - fearless revolutionary and freedom fighter. He was born on July 23, 1906 to Sitaram Tewari and Jagrani Devi in Jhabua District, Madhya Pradesh. Chandrasekhar received his early education in a village school. After completing his elementary schooling, he went to Varanasi for further studies in Sanskrit Vidyalaya. At a young age of 15 in 1921, Chandra Shekhar joined Mahatma Gandhi in his Non-Cooperation movement. But he was detained and presented before the magistrate. When he was produced before the magistrate, he gave his name as 'Azad', his father's name as 'Swatantra' and his residence as 'prison'. The provoked magistrate sentenced him to fifteen lashes of flogging. The title of Azad stuck thereafter. Azad joined revolutionary organisation, Hindustan Republican Association and was introduced to Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, who had formed HRA. He then became an active member of the HRA. Chandra Shekhar was in...

The lady who unfurled Indian flag on foreign land Madam Bhikaji Cama, the lady who hoisted the Indian Flag for the first time in a foreign country.   It was in Stuttgart, Germany, and on August 18, 1907 that she staged this bold performance, saying that she was doing it so only to bring the poverty, starvation, oppression and slavery, as also India's thirst for freedom to the attention of the international assembly of socialists there. Bhikhaiji Rustom Cama was born Bhikai Sorab Patel on 24 September 1861 in Bombay (now Mumbai) into a large, well-off Parsi family. Her parents, Sorabji Framji Patel and Jaijibai Sorabji Patel, were well known in the city, where her father Sorabji—a lawyer by training and a merchant by profession—was an influential member of the Parsi community. On 3 August 1885, she married Rustom Cama, who was son of K. R. Cama. Her husband was a wealthy, pro-British lawyer who aspired to enter politics. It was not a happy marriage, and Bhikhaiji spent most...

Gopal Krishna Gokhale is now a forgotten man even though both M.K. Gandhi and M.A. Jinnah were inspired by him in the years before they became mass leaders. Gandhi described Gokhale as his political guru while Jinnah aspired to be the Muslim Gokhale. However, the importance of Gokhale goes far beyond his influence on these two star disciples, who continue to be worshipped as the fathers of their respective nations. He was the lodestar of a style of liberal politics that needs a fresh airing in contemporary India. Gokhale died on 19 February 1915, so this year marks his death centenary. He was one of a stellar cast of patriots in Pune, at a time when that city matched Kolkata as a crucible of the new nationalism which emerged from the ruins of 1857. The Pune liberals had three principal concerns: political freedom, social reform and economic development.  Everything they did in public life followed from their quest to advance liberty on these thre...

THE BAHMANI KINGDOM (1347-1526) The Bahmani kingdom was founded in 1347 by Hasan Gangu who revolted and proclaimed his independence from the Sultanate.  He assumed the title of Ala-ud-din Bahmani (also Bahman Shah).  Gulbarga was his capital.  He divided his kingdom into four tarafs or provinces and placed each one under a tarafdar or governor.  He was succeeded by Muhammad Shah I (1358-1373) whose reign was chiefly occupied in waging savage wars against Vijayanagar and Warangal.  Some of the other notable rulers of the dynasty were:  1.      Firuz Shah (1397-1422) who twice defeated Vijayanagar but was ultmately defeated at Pangul;  2.      Ahmad Shah   (1422-1433) who conquered Warangal and shifted the capital to Bidar, and who was also known as   Wali on account of his association with a sufi, Gesu Daraz;  3.      Humayun (1451-1461) famous for his minist...