BHABAR - TARAI - BHANGAR - KHADAR

Bhabar:

1.     It lies along the foot of the Shiwaliks from the Indus to the Tista.

2.   It is 8 to 16 kms wide.

3.   It comprises of pebble- studded rocks in the shape of porus beds.

4.   Due to porosity of the rocks, the streams disappear and flow underground.

5.    This region is not much suitable for agriculture.

Tarai:

1.     It lies to the south of the Bhabar and run parallel to it.

2.   It is 20 to 30 kms wide.

3.   It is composed of compara­tively finer alluvium and is covered by forests.

4.   The underground streams of the Bhabar re-emerge on the surface and give birth to marshy area.

5.    Most parts of the Tarai area are reclaimed for agriculture.

Bhangar:

1.     It is the largest part of Northern plain.

2.   It is made up of alluvium.

3.   The soil in this region is not renewed frequently, it is old alluvial soil.

4.   It is not very fertile

5.    It contains calcareous deposits locally known as 'Kankar '.

Khadar:

1.     It is not the largest part of Northern plain.

2.   It is made up of new alluvium and fine granules.

3.   The soil is frequently renewed due to frequent flooding.

4.   It does not contain calcareous deposits of calcium.

5.    Suitable foe extensive cultivation.